Lightweight, High-Entropy TRNG Using Quad Cross-Coupled Feedback Architecture

Source : Verilog HDL

Base Paper Abstract:

This paper presents a lightweight, high-entropy true random number generator architecture featuring an innovative quad cross-coupled feedback mechanism to enhance randomness. The primary goal is to develop an efficient and secure true random number generator that addresses the growing demand for reliable random number generation in cryptographic and security-critical applications. The motivation stems from the need to improve entropy, reduce resource utilization, and ensure robustness across varying technologies. With the intention of achieving near-perfect randomness, the Quad-Input Oscillating Circuit module integrates self-coupled, jitter-inducing ring oscillators with cross-coupled feedback loops to induce metastability. Comprehensive evaluations confirm a Shannon entropy of 0.999818, a minimum entropy of 0.977257, and a collision entropy of 0.999636. The design was synthesized using Synopsys Design Compiler at 45 nm, 32 nm, and 14 nm, achieving a maximum frequency of 6.7 GHz, power consumption as low as 72 μW, and area utilization of 24 μm2 at 14 nm. Rigorous validation through multiple statistical test suites, including the AIS-31, Autocorrelation, Deviation, Diehard, the National Institute of Standards and Technologies SP800- 22 and SP800-90B, and TestU01, confirms its efficiency and reliability. Real random bits were implemented as oscilloscope viewable signals on the Cyclone V Field Programmable Gate Array developed by Altera, representing a significant advancement in secure random number generation technologies.

List of the following  materials will be included with the Downloaded Backup: