An Efficient Approximate Radix-8 Booth Multiplier for Edge Detection
An Efficient Approximate Radix-8 Booth Multiplier for Edge Detection in Bioimages by Field Programmable Gate Array
Abstract:
The Booth multiplier provides high-performance signed multiplication by encoding and decreasing partial prod-ucts (PPs) generated using the radix-4 Booth algorithm. Although the radix-8 produces fewer PPs than the radix-4 and needs fewer adders to accumulate PPs, it is not fast because the odd multiples of the multiplicand are generated in a complex unit, and attaining a high performance is challenging. This work alleviates this issue using approximate designs. An approximate 4:2 compressor is proposed in which the inputs are encoded by the generation and propagation method for the reduction of faulty rows in the truth table. The compressor, radix-8 Booth encoder, and PP generation (PPG) are used to attain a signed 16 × 16-bit, approximate multiplier, and synthesized targeting a 90 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The multiplier is efficiently implemented on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to perform the Sobel operator for edge detection. The occupied area, dynamic power dissipation, and power-delay-product (PDP)× mean relative error distance (MRED) of the presented multiplier are superior to the lookup table (LUT)-based multipliers of an FPGA. The Sobel edge detection algorithm implemented on the FPGA detects 99.15% of edges with 33.33% energy savings, while the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) are 0.88 and 32.92 dB, respectively.
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An Efficient Approximate Radix-8 Booth Multiplier for Edge Detection in Bioimages by Field Programmable Gate Array
